![]() Feed formulation and manufacturing involves finding a compromise between ideal and practical feeds. Physical characteristics of feeds, such as pellet shape, water stability, buoyancy, and durability during handling, also dictate feed formulation and manufacturing conditions. Feeds represent over 50% of the operating cost of fish production, so all of the elements of feed formulation and manufacturing must be aimed at the advancement of precision formulations while, at the same time, balancing practical considerations. Feeds for fish larvae or fingerlings are intended to support rapid growth, health, and survival, whereas feeds for fish at the grow-out stage must be also designed to support growth and health, and they must support economical feed conversion ratios. The goals of the specific aquaculture production system for which the feed is intended dictate feed formulation and manufacturing. All of these elements must be considered to produce feeds for fish. ![]() Hardy, Andreas Brezas, in Fish Nutrition (Fourth Edition), 2022 Abstractįeed formulation and manufacturing is an incredibly complex process that involves combining knowledge of nutritional requirements, feed ingredient characteristics, feed production technology, and, importantly, biological information of farmed fish. ![]()
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